Linux内核升级 查看当前内核版本使用uname命令查看内核版本，其中-a选项输出信息更为详细。# uname -a Linux ibetterlife 5.14.0-162.18.1.el9_1.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Mar 1 22:02:24 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux ​ # uname -r 5.14.0-162.18.1.el9_1.x86_64启用 ELRepoELRepo是企业Linux软件包的RPM存储库。ELRepo支持Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 及其衍生产品，如Scientific Linux、CentOS Linux、Alma Linux 和 Rocky Linux。ELRepo项目专注于与硬件相关的软件包，以增强您对Enterprise Linux 的体验。这包括文件系统驱动程序、图形驱动程序、网络驱动程序、声音驱动程序、网络摄像头和视频驱动程序。从CentOS/AlmaLinux/RockLinux 8开始，ELRepo已经加入到官方软件仓库中，名称为 “elrepo-release”。启用ELRepo只需要执行命令：dnf -y install elrepo-release安装ELRepo公钥rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.orgELRepo rpm包在线安装方法# Import the public key: rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org # To install ELRepo for RHEL-**9** or CentOS-**9**: yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-9.el9.elrepo.noarch.rpm # To install ELRepo for RHEL-**8** or CentOS-**8**: yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-8.el8.elrepo.noarch.rpm # To install ELRepo for RHEL-**7**, SL-**7** or CentOS-**7**: yum install https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm # To make use of our mirror system, **please also install yum-plugin-fastestmirror**.升级内核查询ELRepo中的kernel版本# yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available Last metadata expiration check: 0:21:04 ago on Wed 22 Mar 2023 04:10:15 PM CST. Available Packages bpftool.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-core.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel-matched.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-modules.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-modules-extra.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel perf.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel python3-perf.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel # yum --disablerepo="*" --enablerepo="elrepo-kernel" list available --showduplicates Last metadata expiration check: 0:44:46 ago on Wed 22 Mar 2023 04:10:15 PM CST. Available Packages bpftool.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel bpftool.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel elrepo-release.noarch 9.1-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-core.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-core.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel-matched.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-devel-matched.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-doc.noarch 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-headers.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-modules.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-modules.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-modules-extra.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-modules-extra.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel perf.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel perf.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel python3-perf.x86_64 6.2.6-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel python3-perf.x86_64 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo elrepo-kernel术语解释 kernel-ml kernel-ml中的ml是英文 “mainline stable” 的缩写，elrepo-kernel中列出来的是最新的稳定主线版本。 kernel-lt kernel-lt中的lt是英文 “long term support” 的缩写，elrepo-kernel 中列出来的长期支持版本。安装kernel安装新内核(kernel-core、kernel-modules 与 kernel 依赖自动更新)# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-ml.x86_64 安装新内核相关软件(--skip-broken必须) # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-ml-devel kernel-ml-tools kernel-ml-tools-libs kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel kernel-ml-headers --skip-broken确认默认启动内核(般更新的内核为默认启动内核)# grubby --default-kernel /boot/vmlinuz-6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64如果不是的话，先看查看系统安装的全部内核# grubby --default-kernel /boot/vmlinuz-6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64 [root@iZuf6g4xzntqr7ucc5swmkZ ~]# grubby --info=ALL index=0 kernel="/boot/vmlinuz-6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64" args="ro rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 nvme_core.admin_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M $tuned_params" root="UUID=8537de8b-6254-450c-9946-5ff5ad4af6dc" initrd="/boot/initramfs-6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64.img $tuned_initrd" title="Rocky Linux (6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64) 9.1 (Blue Onyx)" id="20220630095603711861013686113992-6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64" index=1 kernel="/boot/vmlinuz-5.14.0-162.18.1.el9_1.x86_64" args="ro rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 nvme_core.admin_timeout=4294967295 $tuned_params crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M" root="UUID=8537de8b-6254-450c-9946-5ff5ad4af6dc" initrd="/boot/initramfs-5.14.0-162.18.1.el9_1.x86_64.img $tuned_initrd" title="Rocky Linux (5.14.0-162.18.1.el9_1.x86_64) 9.1 (Blue Onyx)" id="20220630095603711861013686113992-5.14.0-162.18.1.el9_1.x86_64" index=2 kernel="/boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-20220630095603711861013686113992" args="ro rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8 nvme_core.io_timeout=4294967295 nvme_core.admin_timeout=4294967295 crashkernel=1G-4G:192M,4G-64G:256M,64G-:512M" root="UUID=8537de8b-6254-450c-9946-5ff5ad4af6dc" initrd="/boot/initramfs-0-rescue-20220630095603711861013686113992.img" title="Rocky Linux (0-rescue-20220630095603711861013686113992) 8.6 (Green Obsidian)" id="20220630095603711861013686113992-0-rescue"设置新的默认启动内核# grubby --set-default=/boot/vmlinuz-6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64 或者 # grubby --set-default-index=0重启之后，再次查看内核版本# uname -a Linux iZuf6g4xzntqr7ucc5swmkZ 5.14.0-162.18.1.el9_1.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Wed Mar 1 22:02:24 UTC 2023 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux # uname -r 6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64删除旧内核（可选的）# rpm -e --nodeps `rpm -qa|grep -i kernel|grep 5.14`再次查看当前的内核，检查是否删除成功。# rpm -qa | grep kernel kernel-srpm-macros-1.0-11.el9.noarch kernel-ml-core-6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64 kernel-ml-modules-6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64 kernel-ml-6.2.7-1.el9.elrepo.x86_64